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In this video we show how to use vector-valued specifications for the col= and pch= graphical parameters when calling plot() or some other high level graphical function in R in order to distinguish…
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Although plot() can produce bar charts, the barplot() function is often more convenient. In this video we introduce this function and illustrate its use to produce bar charts that display one and…
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The plot() function is the ultimate generic function in R. It is highly flexible, and produces a variety of different plot types depending upon the class of the objects that it operates on and the…
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Frequency distributions (univariate and joint) can be displayed in contingency tables, or cross-tabulations. In this video we show how tapply() can be used to create such tables, but we…
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While tapply() applies a function to different observations in a vector, which might correspond to rows in a data frame, lapply() and sapply() apply a function to each element of a list. In the case…
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The tapply() function is one of several "apply" functions in R that allow a function to operate on data repeatedly. The function tapply() applies a function to groups of observations within…
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In this video we will introduce some of the most important packages and functions for importing non-plain text data files. Here we concentrate on importing SAS data sets, which can be done by reading…
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The scatter plot is a fundamental tool for visualizing the relationship between two quantitative variables. In this video we show how to use PROC SGPLOT to produce scatter plots and demonstrate how…
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In this video we review the anatomy of a boxplot and show how to use PROC SGPLOT to produce vertical or horizontal boxplots. We show how to produce side-by-side boxplots as well as clustered…
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PROC SGPLOT implements a wide variety of different plot types. In this video, we introduce the procedure and illustrate how to use it to produce bar charts that display frequency distributions or…
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In this video we demonstrate how to use the MERGE statement to perform a many-to-one merge. Three examples are given to demonstrate this programming task. Sometimes a data set with just one…
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